Older recording media were more limited in their dynamic range. Differences between loud notes and soft notes on various musical instruments might be anything from around a few dB, to up to 50 dB or so (grand piano), or even more (think live drums), and the dynamic range of a full orchestra, from the quietest passages to the loudest fanfares, might be even greater-70 or 80 dB or more. For example, the dynamic range of human hearing-the difference between the quietest sounds we can hear (the Threshold of Perception) and the loudest we can handle (the Threshold of Pain) is about 120 dB, more or less. Audio levels are measured in decibels-dB-and Dynamic variations are also expressed in dB. When it comes to audio, Dynamics refers to the variation in level-volume-in the audio signal, and when a musical part-like a recording of drums, or a vocal track-ranges from loud to soft over the course of, say, a song, the upper and lower limits of that variation-the difference between the loudest and softest levels-is the Dynamic Range. Fig 1 Dynamics processors (hardware & software)
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